Application of halloysite sorbent for ammonia and odors removal from dry toilet facilities

Halloysite sorbent was added to liquid urine (dose 10 g/dm) and solid faeces (unmodified structure, dose 50 g/kg) being a subject of anaerobic fermentation in a hermetic system for 20 days. Identification of surface morphology and elementary chemical composition in microregions of the spent sorbent were done using scanning electron microscope Zeiss Supra 35 equipped with EDS detectors. Both grain surface and mixed internal and external part of the grain after its shredding were analysed. It can be concluded, that shreeding of the halloysite sorbent before application is recommended, preventing its pores clogging thus blocking accessibility to deeper fraction of active sorption surface. Technological concepts of possibilities of halloysite sorbent application in dry toilets are presented and discussed. Ammonia emission, odors emission, halloysite, sorption, ammonia and odors removal DRY TOILET 2015 5 International Dry Toilet Conference